Scientists are using DNA from poop to save the world's rarest marsupial, the Gilbert's potoroo. This critically endangered species, found only in Western Australia, has fewer than 150 animals left in the wild. Researchers from Edith Cowan University (ECU) and the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions (DBCA) are working together to understand the potoroo's diet, which is crucial for identifying suitable habitats and securing the species' future.
The challenge lies in determining what the potoroo eats and where to find those resources. Fungi-eating mammal diets are particularly hard to study due to the vast number of undiscovered fungi. To overcome this, researchers are employing environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding on scat samples, a non-invasive technique that allows them to study animal diets without disturbing the animals.
The team also examined the diets of more common fungi-eating mammals, such as quokka, quenda, and bush rat, to understand potential overlaps with the potoroo's diet. They found some dietary similarities and similar habitat use between the quokka and potoroo, suggesting that focusing on areas where all three species coexist could be beneficial for future potoroo translocation sites.
Gilbert's potoroo was once believed to be extinct before being rediscovered in 1994. Conservation efforts have since focused on breeding them in captivity, but these attempts were unsuccessful due to the potoroo's picky eating habits. Wild-to-wild translocations have proven more effective, with insurance populations established on Bald Island and in a fenced enclosure at Waychinicup National Park.
The DBCA is now searching for another suitable mainland site to establish an additional population. The species is currently spread across four locations, including two islands off the coast of Western Australia. By examining the fungal diet of mammals that occur with the potoroo, researchers can make informed decisions about where to establish new populations.
Fungi-eating mammals play a crucial role in maintaining healthy ecosystems. They act as ecosystem engineers, digging for fungi that aid in soil turnover and dispersing fungal spores. Protecting these mammals is vital, as many Australian mammals are threatened by predation from introduced cats and foxes. Translocations are an important strategy to safeguard native wildlife.
This innovative approach to conservation highlights the importance of understanding animal diets and habitats. By using DNA from poop, scientists are gaining valuable insights into the potoroo's needs, bringing us one step closer to ensuring the survival of this rare marsupial.
